Emus are usually solitary animals, but they sometimes travel in pair. Emu can gather in flocks when large quantity of food is available. Emu is a fast running animal. It can reach 30 miles per hour. Emu is also excellent swimmer. It can easily cross the river while looking for food and new feeding areas. Emu can travel thousands of miles each year. Emu mates during summer and lays eggs during cooler months.
Female lays between 8 and 10 eggs. Since the eggs are large, female lays one egg every 2 to 3 days. Eggs are dark green in color, have thick shell and weight of around one pound. A subspecies was previously found on the island of Tasmania at the south of the mainland where they went extinct around Another now extinct subspecies existed on Kangaroo Island until They live in most habitats across Australia but are most commonly found in areas of savanna woodland and sclerophyll forest a type of vegetation that has hard leaves and short distances between leaves along the stems.
They are very rarely found in rainforests or very arid areas. The male and female emus will start to form breeding pairs in summer and will stay together for about 5 months when they will begin to mate. Males take on responsibility for almost all aspects of hatching and raising the young. A male emu will build a nest which is made out of leaves, twigs and grass on the ground for the female, who will then lay the eggs over several days.
She can lay between 5 and 20 eggs. Once the female has laid all the eggs she will wander off and may even find another emu to mate with, she can have up to three different clutches per season all with different mates.
The male emu will then be left to carry out the eight week incubation period. Prior to this he has built up a fat store off of which to live as he will not eat during this time. Over the incubation period he can lose up to one-third of his body weight. Emu eggs are very large weighing about to grams. They are thick shelled and dark green or bluish in color. One egg has the same mass as chicken eggs. Once the chicks hatch they can almost immediately care for themselves.
They remain with the father for up to 18 months learning how to stay safe. He also provides protection till they are large enough to do this themselves. At birth they stand an average 12cm 5 in tall and weigh about 0.
They are born with brown and cream stripes which help to camouflage them till their feathers come in, these stripes fade at about 3 months. Sexual maturity is reached between 2 and 3 years old. Emus typically stay together in pairs or family groups consisting of the male and his offspring, but may form into large flocks when they are travelling to a food source. Emus can travel large distances to reach good feeding areas. In Western Australia emus move following a seasonal pattern, going north in the summer and south in the winter.
Emus sleep during the night but do not sleep continuously for the whole night, they can wake up several times during the night to either feed or go to the toilet. Emus sit down to sleep and it seems that this is also helpful to camouflage them as they look like a small hill when sleeping. They sleep for about 7 hours each day. Emus have a pouch in their throat that is used for communication. They inflate the pouch and this allows them to make drumming, grunting and booming sounds.
These sounds are usually used during courtship and the breeding season and can be heard up to 2kms 1. They can also make a very loud hissing sound which is very effective at scaring off dingoes. Emus and are not afraid of water and can swim well.
When running their stride can be about 2. The sound level of the horn as measured in the associated driver cannot exceed 92 dB. The viewing angle for the destination indicators is such that it is visible to the person standing on platforms such angle from his eyes to the destination board shall be 30 degrees minimum. The emergency braking system is designed to optimize the Train retardation and shall not be degraded by wheel slide protection equipment is provided. Brake alarm pulls shall be provided in the compartments and lavatories of the coaches.
An audio-visual indication is provided to identify the coach and the location inside the coach from where the alarm pull has been operated. It shall be possible to reset passenger alarm system from outside the coach. The coach number is painted on both sides of each coach, both externally and internally and also inside the cab to be easily visible to the driver and maintenance personnel. The noise level inside the coach and the cab shall not exceed 68 dB A with all auxiliary equipment operating at its greatest noise output.
The noise level shall be measured in the coach along the center line between mm and mm above the floor and at a distance of mm from the end of the coach. The noise level outside the Train shall not exceed 68 dB A with all auxiliary equipment operating. The noise level shall be measured at a point 7. Noise level inside the coach and cab noise level when running at the scheduled maximum speed shall not exceed 72 dB A. The smallest member is the kiwi which averages cm in.
In recent times members of this group such as the emu, rhea and ostrich have increased in popularity for farming. Ratites are found on the continents which previously made up Gondwana, the former supercontinent which included South America, Australia, Madagascar, Africa and New Zealand.
The name ratite comes from the Latin word 'ratis' meaning raft and referring to a boat without a keel. Originally it was thought that these birds shared a common flightless ancestor and spread across the world but more recent research has suggested these animals are the result of convergent evolution and developed their flightlessness independent of one another.
In four of the families rheas, cassowaries, emu and ostrich the male is the primary carer for the young. Ratities are birds which are flightless.
Meet the 5 main types of bird in this group below and learn more about the individual species by visiting our fact file pages using the buttons. Ostriches are the largest member of the ratite group and the largest bird currently alive generally. The may stand up to 2. Males have darker black feathers compared to the brown feathers of the female. They are unique as the only bird which has two toes on each of its feet. Learn more about the ostriches appearance, diet, habitat, breeding and behavior with our fact file by clicking the button below.
Emus are the second largest member of the ratite group and the largest bird to live in Australia. They live across the Australian mainland and were previously found in Tasmania but are now extinct there.
0コメント